![]() This capability enables animals to tolerate a broader range of temperatures, and likely optimizes key physiological processes, but is energetically expensive. White sharks ( Carcharodon carcharias) are the largest fish species to exhibit regional endothermy-the ability to compartmentally regulate internal body temperature relative to the external environment. Thus, energy available for metabolic processes is constrained by the summed energetic requirement of all other essential biological functions and processes. Metabolic processes have an associated cost (energy). metabolism) that allow them to exploit specific resource and habitat niches. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ī fundamental component of understanding ecology and evolution in animals is understanding biophysical processes (e.g. In-kind support for tagging and monitoring was provided by the Cities of Ventura and Santa Barbara. Funding for data maintenance and analysis was provided by State of California. Data may also be downloaded from the Center for Open Science repository via the following link: ".įunding: Funding for tagging and acoustic monitoring was provided by Monterey Bay Aquarium and AltaSea. The statement now reads "The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Our data availability statement within the manuscript was "The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation." We have now also made data available via an online repository as suggested. Received: NovemAccepted: Published: June 9, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Anderson et al. PLoS ONE 17(6):Įditor: Johann Mourier, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, FRANCE (2022) High resolution acoustic telemetry reveals swim speeds and inferred field metabolic rates in juvenile white sharks ( Carcharodon carcharias). Such behavioral strategies more closely resemble those exhibited in ectotherm sharks, than mature conspecifics.Ĭitation: Anderson JM, Spurgeon E, Stirling BS, May J III, Rex PT, Hyla B, et al. We argue that median cruising speeds while aggregating at nearshore nursery habitats (0.6 m s -1, 0.3 TL s -1) are likely a feature of behavioral strategies designed to optimize bioenergetic efficiency, by modulating activity rates in response to environmental temperature profiles to buffer heat loss and maintain homeostasis. Resulting estimates of mass-specific field routine metabolic rates (368 mg O 2 kg −1 h −1 ± 27 mg O 2 kg −1 h −1 ) are markedly lower than those reported in sub-adult and adult white sharks by previous studies. We used trilateration of positional data from high resolution acoustic-telemetry to derive swim speeds from speed-over-ground calculations for eighteen free-swimming individual juvenile white sharks, and subsequently estimate associated mass-specific oxygen consumption rates as a proxy for field routine metabolic rates. Little, however, is known of the metabolic requirements in free-swimming juveniles of the species, due to their large size at birth and challenges in measuring their oxygen consumption rates in captivity. This capability likely facilitates exploitation of resources beyond thermal tolerance thresholds of potential sympatric competitors as well as sustained elevated swim speeds, but results in increased metabolic costs of adults, which has been documented in different studies. White sharks ( Carcharodon carcharias) are the largest shark species to display regional endothermy.
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